Ford Skorpio
+ 1.1. Car identification
- 2. Maintenance service
2.1. Periodicity of service of cars
2.2. Each 10 000 km or once a year
2.3. Each 40 000 km
2.4. Each 60 000 km or in 2 years
2.5. Check of level of engine oil
2.6. Engine oil and filter replacement
2.7. Places of possible leaks of engine oil and their definition
2.8. Check of level and replacement of a cooling liquid
2.9. Check of tightness of system of cooling
2.10. Spark plugs
2.11. Replacement of the air filter
2.12. Replacement of the fuel filter
2.13. Replacement of the valve of ventilation картера the engine
2.14. Liquid check in air central air
2.15. Check of level of oil in a transmission
2.16. Check of level of oil in the back bridge
2.17. Check of a condition of a protective cover of a power shaft
2.18. Adjustment of a brake tape in an automatic transmission
2.19. Check of a condition forward and back brake колодок
2.20. Check of level and replacement of a brake liquid
2.21. Check of a condition of a suspension bracket
2.22. Check of level of a liquid in system of the amplifier of a steering
2.23. Clearing of a drain for a condensate formed at work of the conditioner
2.24. Recommendations about engine oils
2.25. Specifications
+ 3. Engines
+ 4. Cooling system
+ 5. Fuel system
+ 6. Coupling
+ 7. Transmissions
+ 8. A kardannyj shaft and the back bridge
+ 9. A steering
+ 10. Suspension brackets
+ 11. Brake system
+ 12. Wheels and tyres
+ 13. A body
+ 14. An electric equipment
2.24. Recommendations about engine oils
| THE GENERAL DATA |
Viscosity of oil
Viscosity characterises fluidity of oil. Depending on temperature oil tends to fluidity reduction. In process of increase in temperature oil becomes more fluid. It worsens ability of oil to сцепляемости and stability to maintain high contact pressure. At cooling oil gets denser, fluidity decreases and the internal friction increases. Because of this property it is necessary to apply engine oil with such viscosity which varies at change of temperature in probably smaller limits.
Fluidity of oil is equivalent to its internal friction and is designated by units SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers – Association of Automobile Engineers), for example SAE 30, SAE 10. High indicator SAE means that oil dense, low – characterises liquid oil. Nevertheless, viscosity of oil completely does not characterise lubricant properties of oil.
ALL-WEATHER OILS
In engines of cars it is preferable to use all-weather oils. They are made on the basis of liquid one-seasonal oil (type 10W). In нагретом a condition this oil is stabilised by a so-called thickener that provides corresponding lubricant qualities of oil at all temperatures. At use of all-weather oil, it is necessary to apply grades with a wide temperature range of viscosity, for example 10W-40, 15W-50.
Letter W (winter – winter) in designation SAE characterises suitability of use of oil during the winter period.
OIL WITH THE RAISED LUBRICANT PROPERTIES
Oils with the raised lubricant properties represent all-weather oils in which, besides other additives, there are the substances reducing factor of a friction that provides reduction of the expense of fuel by 2 %. By their manufacture special initial components (synthetic oils) are used. At purchase of such oil it is necessary to pay attention to that this oil was authorised to application by firm Ford.
ENGINE OILS
The prevention
Additional additives to oil, irrespective of their kind and appointment, should not be added in oil.
For modern engines it is necessary to use only oils HD. Oils HD are oils with the raised lubricant properties improved at the expense of various additives. These additives provide the best anticorrosive protection, more favorable conditions against the oxidation phenomenon, the least propensity to formation of slags, the best change of the viscosity, clearing and dissolving properties. Clearing and dissolving additives not only reduce formation of the rests in the engine, but also ability these rests and all other pollution in engine oil simultaneously possess to dissolve and hold in a suspension so that at oil replacement these pollution leave together with merged oil.
Quality of oils HD is defined on system API (American Petroleum Institut). The European manufacturers also adhere to this system.
The designation of a grade of oil is made by two letters. The first letter characterises a scope: S – Servise, are intended for carburettor engines; With – Commercial, are intended for diesel engines. The second letter defines an oil grade in alphabetic order.
Premium oils on classification API are SG for carburettor engines and CD for diesel engines.